Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1
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Which of the following is true about an enzyme?
A) | An enzyme is stable at high
temperatures. | B) | An enzyme is a
vitamin. | C) | An enzyme increases the activation energy of a substrate
and hence accelerates reactions. | D) | An enzyme
catalyzes a reaction that is theoretically impossible otherwise. | E) | An enzyme combines chemically with a substrate to form a temporary
enzyme-substrate complex. |
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2
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The nucleolus is believed to function mainly in the
A) | provision of energy to the
cell | B) | synthesis of RNA and some
protein | C) | synthesis of DNA | D) | secretion of enzymes | E) | manufacture of
lipids |
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3
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Substance F can be removed from enzyme G by dialysis. Enzyme G is inactive
after removal of F, but can be reactivated by adding F. Substance F is probably
a
A) | protein molecule | B) | DNA molecule | C) | starch
molecule | D) | coenzyme | E) | competitive inhibitor |
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4
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One of the most pronounced differences between animal and plant cells is
that
A) | animal cells alone have one or more large
vacuoles | B) | animal cells alone have a
nucleolus | C) | animal cells alone have their nuclear chromatin attached
to the spindle fibers during mitosis | D) | plant cells alone
have rough endoplasmic reticulum | E) | plant cells alone
have relatively thick, rigid cell walls |
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5
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Which of the following macromolecules is primarily responsible for the
insolubility of cell membranes in water?
A) | Starch | B) | Cellulose | C) | Protein | D) | Phospholipid | E) | Glycogen |
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6
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Water-soluble vitamins in human nutrition serve primarily
as A) | a source of calories | B) | repair agents for damaged DNA | C) | shields that absorb cosmic radiation | D) | coenzymes for specific enzymes | E) | antioxidants that protect membrane
lipids |
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7
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In the series of enzyme reactions shown below, product Z is able to occupy the
active site of enzyme E2.
Product Z can therefore first inhibit the production
of
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8
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In cells, which of the following can function to give shape, enable movement,
and anchor organelles?
A) | Vacuoles filled with water and surrounded by a single
membrane | B) | Ribosomes, peroxisomes, and
lysosomes | C) | Microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate
fibers | D) | The interconnected networks of the endoplasmic
reticulum | E) | Golgi apparatus and associated vesicles in the
cytoplasm |
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9
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All of the following are functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of
animals EXCEPT
A) | detoxification of poisons in the
liver | B) | storage of Ca2+ in the sarcomere of
muscles | C) | synthesis of proteins | D) | synthesis of lipids | E) | synthesis of
steroid hormones |
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10
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A substrate molecule may be bound to the active site of an enzyme by all of
the following EXCEPT
A) | hydrogen bonds | B) | peptide bonds | C) | ionic
bonds | D) | van der Waals
interactions | E) | hydrophobic
interactions |
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11
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The organelle that is a major producer of ATP and is found in both
heterotrophs and autotrophs
A) | chloroplast | B) | nucleus | C) | ribosome | D) | Golgi
apparatus | E) | mitochondrion |
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12
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All of the following cell components are found in prokaryotic cells
EXCEPT
A) | DNA | B) | ribosomes | C) | cell
membrane | D) | nuclear envelope | E) | enzymes |
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13
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Structures found in the cells of both plants and mammals
are
A) | cell walls and cell membranes | B) | centrioles and lysosomes | C) | chloroplasts and
ribosomes | D) | cell membranes and
chromosomes | E) | contractile
vacuoles and leucoplasts |
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14
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If plant cells are immersed in distilled water, the resulting movement of
water into the cells is called
A) | conduction | B) | active transport | C) | transpiration | D) | osmosis | E) | facilitated
diffusion |
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15
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Which of the following is the primary role of the
lysosome?
A) | ATP synthesis | B) | Intracellular digestion | C) | Lipid
transport | D) | Carbohydrate storage | E) | Protein synthesis |
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16
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The cytoplasmic channels between plant cells which are most similar to gap
junctions between animal cells are called
A) | middle lamellas | B) | tonoplasts | C) | plasmodesmata | D) | tight
junctions | E) | desmosomes |
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17
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The nucleolus functions in the production of
A) | Golgi apparatus | B) | microtubules | C) | mitochondria | D) | ribosomes | E) | endoplasmic
reticulum |
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18
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Which of the following is a characteristic of mitochondria and chloroplasts
that supports the endosymbiotic theory?
A) | Both have bacteria-like polysaccharide cell
walls. | B) | Both can reproduce on their own outside of the
cell. | C) | Both contain DNA molecules. | D) | Both contain endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi
bodies. | E) | Both contain ribosomes that are identical to ribosomes
of the eukaryotic cytoplasm. |
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19
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Which of the following are characteristic of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic
cells?
A) | Cytoplasm and a well-defined nucleus surrounded by a
membrane | B) | Membranous sites of ATP synthesis, Golgi complex, and
ribosomes | C) | Mitochondria, nucleus, and
ribosomes | D) | Cell wall, several chromosomes, and
cytoplasm | E) | Cell membrane, ribosomes, DNA, and
RNA |
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20
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Unlike the cells of flowering plants, the cells of animals are characterized
by which of the following?
A) | Mitochondria | B) | A nucleus surrounded by a double membrane | C) | Centrioles | D) | A plasma membrane
surrounded by a nonliving cell wall | E) | A single large
central vacuole |
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21
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Which of the following organelles modifies and packages for secretion the
materials produced by the ribosomes?
A) | The chloroplast | B) | The Golgi apparatus | C) | The
nucleolus | D) | The nucleus | E) | The mitochondrion |
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22
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A student using a light microscope observes a
cell and correctly decides that it is a plant cell because
A) | ribosomes are visible | B) | an endoplasmic reticulum can be seen | C) | a cell membrane is present | D) | it has a large central vacuole
| E) | centrioles are
present |
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23
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Which of the following best supports the statement that mitochondria are
descendants of endosymbiotic bacteria-like cells?
A) | Mitochondria and bacteria possess similar ribosomes and
DNA. | B) | Mitochondria and bacteria possess similar
nuclei. | C) | Glycolysis occurs in both mitochondria and
bacteria. | D) | Both mitochondria and bacteria have
microtubules. | E) | Neither
mitochondria nor bacteria possess chloroplasts |
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24
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Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells generally have which of the following
features in common?
A) | A membrane-bound nucleus | B) | A cell wall made of cellulose | C) | Ribosomes | D) | Flagella or cilia
that contain microtubules | E) | Linear chromosomes
made of DNA and protein |
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25
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Which of the following groups contains prokaryotic organisms capable of
surviving the greatest extremes in temperature or salt concentration?
A) | Protist | B) | Archeae | C) | Plantae | D) | Fungi
| E) | Bacteria |
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26
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All of the following are typical components of the plasma membrane of a
eukaryotic cell EXCEPT
A) | glycoproteins | B) | cytochromes | C) | cholesterol
| D) | phospholipids | E) | integral proteins |
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27
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A prokaryotic cell has which of the following?
A) | Centrioles | B) | Lysosomes | C) | Plasma
membrane | D) | Mitochondria | E) | Endoplasmic reticulum |
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28
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Which of the following statements regarding coenzymes is
true?
A) | They are essential for metabolic reactions in animals
but not in plants. | B) | They can
facilitate metabolic reactions by combining with enzymes at their active
sites. | C) | They are minerals that alter the pH of cells and thus
increase the probability of chemical reactions. | D) | They are
synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of eukaryotic cells. | E) | They typically work best at temperatures below
37°C. |
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29
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Which of the following provides the weakest evidence that mitochondria were
once free-living prokaryotes?
A) | Mitochondrial ribosomes resemble those of
prokaryotes. | B) | Mitochondria have
DNA that is circular and does not have associated protein. | C) | Enzyme pathways on mitochondrial membranes resemble those found on modem
prokaryote membranes. | D) | Mitochondria
reproduce by a process similar to binary fission. | E) | Mitochondria and prokaryotes both are found in a variety of
sizes. |
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30
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Simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion are related in that
both
A) | require protein carriers | B) | depend on a concentration gradient | C) | occur via contractions of cytoskeletal elements attached to membrane
proteins | D) | are endergonic processes and thus require the hydrolysis
of ATP | E) | occur in eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic
cells |
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31
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Which of the following is correct concerning a spherical
cell?
A) | As the diameter decreases, the surface area remains the
same. | B) | As the diameter decreases, the surface area
increases. | C) | As the diameter
decreases, the surface-to volume ratio increases. | D) | As the diameter increases, the volume decreases. | E) | The surface-to-volume ratio is independent of the
diameter. |
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Matching
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Refer to the following graph. The solid curve and
the dashed curve represent alternate pathways for the same reaction. One pathway is enzyme
catalyzed.
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32
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Represents the activation energy of the
enzyme-catalyzed reaction
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33
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Represents the net energy change of the
reaction
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34
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Represents the energy state of the products
of the enzyme-catalyzed pathway
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35
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Represents the energy state of the products
of the pathway that is not enzyme-catalyzed
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36
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Site of glucose synthesis
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37
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Site of conversion. of chemical energy of glucose
to ATP
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38
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Site of modification and packaging of proteins and
lipids prior to export from the cell
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39
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Site of transport of materials into and out of the
cell
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40
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Evolved from a photoautotrophic
prokaryote
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Essay
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41
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Describe the chemical composition and configuration
of enzymes and discuss the factors that modify enzyme structure and/or function.
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